From: Therapeutics formulated to target cancer stem cells: Is it in our future?
Target Type | Specific Target | Cancer Type | Use |
---|---|---|---|
Cell surface markers | CD34+/CD38- | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia | Identification has allowed for characterization of LSCs. Too broad to use as a target for chemotherapy but is very useful in identification for further characterization. |
 | CD33+ | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia | Gemtuzumab ozogamacin |
 | C-type lectin like molecule - 1 (CLL-1) | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia | No clinical trials but efficacy seen in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. |
Signaling Pathways | PI3K/Akt/mTOR | FDA approved therapy for renal cell carcinoma. Evidence that may be effective in other solid tumors. | Temsirolimus, Everolimus FDA approved for renal cell carcinoma. |
 | Hedgehog | Evidence in basal cell carcinoma but has been identified as being up-regulated in many cancer types. | Novel GDC-0449 |
 | HMG-CoA reductase | Increase ROS within cells leading to apoptosis, being investigated in many cancers including CML. | Synergistic effect seen when imatinib and simvastatin in CML. |
Microenvironment | Mesenchymal stem cells | Evidence in Glioma but being investigated in many solid tumors. | Used in vivo as a target, also being investigated as a drug delivery system. |