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Figure 10 | Cancer Cell International

Figure 10

From: "Nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate expression of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in mouse JB6 epidermal and human MCF7, MDA-MB-321 and AU565 breast cancer cells"

Figure 10

Schematic drawings of the hypothetical signaling pathways that could lead to activation of the unusually long 5'-untranslated region (-575) of p27 mRNA. The two signaling pathways shown in (10a) are (i) 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (metabolic energy sensor or cellular fuel gauge)/tuberous sclerosis complex/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/TSC/mTOR) and (ii) receptor protein tyrosine kinases/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (RPTKs/PI3K/Akt/mTOR). The four signaling pathways shown in (10b) are (i) the summary of the two signaling pathways indicated above, (ii) receptor protein tyrosine kinases/MAPKs (RPTKs/MAPKs), and (iii) global hypomethylation of the 5'-m7G cap of mRNAs.

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