Fig. 4

Schematic diagram of the outlook of advanced therapy for targeting cancer and resistant CSC incorporating nanotechnology approaches to improve the formulation of curcumin and its analogues to achieve better therapeutic effects. The top panel shows the typical effects of conventional therapy in relation to tumour progression (middle panel), noting that CSC typically escapes the treatment, thus causing tumour recurrence and metastasis. The bottom panel shows the future effect of targeting the CSC population using curcumin and its analogues and the future perspective of using a nanotechnology approach to improve drug formulation