Fig. 4

Effect of jacaric acid on the generation of intracellular ROS in PU5-1.8 cells. PU5-1.8 cells were incubated with different concentrations of jacaric acid at 37 °C for 48 h. a, b The intracellular levels of O₂ ⁻ in the treated cells were measured by staining cells with DHE at 37 °C for 30 min and analyzed for red fluorescence (FL-3) by flow cytometry. Results were expressed as mean ± SE. ***p < 0.001. c, d The intracellular levels of H₂O₂ in the treated cells were measured by staining cells with H₂DCFDA at 37 °C for 30 min and analyzed for green fluorescence (FL-1) by flow cytometry. Results were expressed as mean ± SE. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001. e PU5-1.8 cells were incubated with jacaric acid at 37 °C for 48 h, in the presence or absence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Cells treated with 0.01 % ethanol acted as the control. Cell growth was determined by the MTT reduction assay and the results were expressed as the mean % inhibition of cell proliferation ± SE