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Table 1 Short term growth inhibitory effects of alizarin, purpurin and aqueous extract

From: Targeted tumor therapy by Rubia tinctorum L.: analytical characterization of hydroxyanthraquinones and investigation of their selective cytotoxic, adhesion and migration modulator effects on melanoma cell lines (A2058 and HT168-M1)

Compound

Conc. [M]

Inhibition indexa (%) (control = 100 %)

A2058

HT168-M1

MRC-5

Alizarin

10−6

98.3 ± 1.52

98.3 ± 1.46

98.4 ± 1.62

10−5

103.8 ± 1.30

96.5 ± 1.61

104.6 ± 1.86

Purpurin

10−6

100.0 ± 1.45

100.8 ± 1.55

99.1 ± 1.12

10−5

90.6*** ± 1.09

87.0*** ± 1.79

103.16 ± 2.14

Aqueous extract

10−6

93.3* ± 0.86

101.9 ± 1.24

102.7 ± 1.52

10−5

84.5*** ± 1.06

116.1*** ± 1.39

100.3 ± 1.17

  1. Two different melanoma cell lines (A2058 and HT168-M1) and normal fibroblast cells (MRC-5) were applied as model cells and were incubated with the anthraquinones for 6 h
  2. The ‘Inhibition index’ is expressed as a percentage of the control. Data shown in the table represent mathematical averages of six parallels and ± S.D. values
  3. The level of significance is shown as follows: * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001