Fig. 4
Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) dissipation and inner mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (mIMP). HL60 cells were treated with Quer and 2-DG, alone or in combination. When indicated, the cells were also co-incubated with the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (50 μM). a Flow cytometry histograms representing ΔΨm alterations at 14 h treatment with 20 μM Quer and 5 mM 2-DG, as indicated by changes in R123-derived fluorescence. Note the appearance of a discrete sub-population with low ΔΨm in the combined treatment, which disappears by application of z-VAD-fmk. b mIMP was measured by flow cytometry assays using the Calcein/CoCl2 procedure. The bar chart (bottom) indicates alterations at 4 h treatment, expressed in relation to untreated (Cont) cells. Some cytometry histograms using 20 μM Quer and 5 mM 2-DG are represented as examples (top). In all cytometry histograms, the numbers into parenthesis indicate the corresponding mean value, and the vertical dotted lines represent the mean value in the Cont to better discern the displacements caused by the treatments. Other conditions, including pre-incubation with Quer in the combined treatments and symbols used in statistical analysis, were as in Figs. 1 and 3