Fig. 4

The highly aggressive characteristic of TJ-GBC2 cell line. a, c The invasion capability of five GBC cell lines in vitro (Transwell invasion assay; Giemsa stain, ×200). The number of TJ-GBC2 cells that invaded through the basement membrane was significantly more than that of SGC996 (*P < 0.000), without difference on the number of invaded cells among NOZ, GBC-SD, OCUG-1, TJ-GBC2 cell lines (all P > 0.05). b, d The migration capability of five GBC cell lines in vitro (Wound healing assay). The migration rate of TJ-GBC2, GBC-SD, NOZ and OCUG-1 cell lines was significantly stronger than that of SGC996 (*P < 0.001, ^# P < 0.001); of them, TJ-GBC2 cell line had a strongest migration ability compared to GBC-SD, NOZ and OCUG-1 cell lines (all ^¶ P < 0.01). e The expression of metastatic-related marker MMP9 and nm23 protein in the xenograft of nude mice and primary tumor of human GBC. MMP9 and nm23 protein was positively expressed in the xenograft of nude mice, which is consistent with the result of primary tumor of human GBC