Fig. 4

Effects of autophagy and PPARγ modulation in Caco-2 cells. a Activation of PPARγ and inhibition of autophagy reduce the cell viability and induce cell death by apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. b Changes in Caco-2 cells proliferation index. c Caco-2 cells’ cycle profiling after modulation (percentages of cells in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases are indicating in the graph according to the graphic legend). d Changes in ROS production in Caco-2 cells (relative fluorescence intensity was normalized to unstimulated control). All data represents three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001