Table 4 Molecular signaling pathways altered in HCC
From: Resistance a major hindrance to chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an insight
S. No. | Altered signaling pathways | Relevant molecule | Alteration | Targeted therapies | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hedgehog | SMO | Activating overexpression | GDC-0449, cyclopomine | 2006 [110] |
7 | Hippo | MST1/2 | Down-regulated | – | 2009 [111] |
8 | Hippo | pYAP | Down-regulated | – | 2009 [111] |
3 | Notch | NOTCH1 | Overexpression | Gamma secretase | 2009 [112] |
2 | Wnt/beta-catenin | APC | Inactivating mutation | – | 2012 [113] |
6 | PI3K/AKT/mTOR | MTORC1 | Up-regulated | Everolimus, rapamycin | 2012 [114] |