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Table 4 Research advances of MALAT1 in cancers (↑ represents promote; ↓ represents inhibit)

From: Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in human cancers: a review and meta-analysis

Cancer type

Expression effect

Transition of cell phenotype of MALAT1 silencing

Molecular mechanisms

References

Breast cancer

Up-regulated

G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest; ↓ proliferation/migration/invasion

MALAT1 influenced cells progression by miR-129-5p; MALAT1 functions as a ceRNA of cdc42 in inducing EMT by binding miR-1 competitively

[13, 69]

Gallbladder cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation and metastasis

MALAT1 activates the ERK/MAPK pathway

[70]

Colorectal cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/migration/invasion

Knockdown of AKAP-9 blocks MALAT1-mediated proliferation, migration and invasion; MALAT1 might bind to SFPQ, therefore releasing PTBP2 from the SFPQ/PTBP2 complex; SFPQ regulated the effect of MALAT1 on cell proliferation and migration

[79, 82]

Osteosarcoma

Up-regulated

↓ Invasion/proliferation/metastasis

MALAT1 knockdown inhabits PI3K/Akt pathways

[62]

Lung cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Migration/growth/invasion

MALAT1 regulates by TDP-43; MALAT1 silencing reduces the expression of CXCL5; the promoter methylation regulates MALAT1 expression; MALAT1 up-regulated the expression of miR-204 target gene SLUG through competitively ‘sponging’ miR-204

[16, 78, 81]

Pancreatic cancer

Up-regulated

G2/M cell cycle arrest; ↑ apoptosis; ↓ proliferation/metastasis/migration/invasion

MALAT1 promotes proliferation and metastasis by the stimulation of autophagy and inducing EMT

[68, 83]

Cervical cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Invasion/metastasis; ↑ apoptosis

MALAT1 regulates EMT by up-regulating transcriptional factor Snail

[46, 80]

Gastric cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/migration/invasion/metastasis

MALAT1 regulates via increasing EGFL7 expression; MALAT1 regulates VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex, ERK/MMP and FAX/paxillin singling pathways involved in VM formation and angiogenesis; MALAT1 regulates miR-1297 to modulate HMGB2

[44, 64, 75]

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/migration/invasion/metastasis; ↑ apoptosis; G2/M phase cell cycle arrest

MALAT1 regulates the expression of β-catenin and Lin28 via Ezh2; Silencing of MALAT1 caused by miR-101 and miR-217; Knockdown of MALAT1 induces cell cycle arrest by activating the ATM-CHK2 pathway

[26, 58, 76, 77]

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/invasion

MALAT1 regulates ZEB1 expression by sponging miR-143-3p

[14]

Renal cell carcinoma

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/invasion; ↑ apoptosis

Knockdown of MALAT1 significantly increases miR-205 expression in renal cancer cells; MALAT1 silencing elevated E-cadherin expression, whereas b-catenin expression reduced through Ezh2 to block EMT

[33]

Mantle cell lymphoma

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation; ↑ apoptosis; S/G1 phase cell cycle arrest

MALAT1 represses the expression of PRC2-dependent target genes by ineracting with EZH2

[48]

Prostate cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Growth/invasion/migration; G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest

MALAT1 increases oncogenic activities of EZH2

[73, 74]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/migration/invasion/growth and cell cycle progression; ↑ apoptosis

MALAT1 acts as a ceRNA to regulate KRAS expression by sponging miR-217

[72]

Bladder cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Migration and metastasis

MALAT1 regulates TGF-b-induced EMT; MALAT1 promotes EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

[17, 18]

Epithelial ovarian cancer

Up-regulated

↓ Proliferation/invasion/metastasis; ↑ apoptosis

MALAT1 induces EMT via PI3K/AKT pathway

[71]

Glioma

Down-regulated

↑ Proliferation/viability/progression

MALAT1 suppresses miR-155 expression and activates FBXW7 function

[52]