Fig. 2

Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis. Mutation of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway plays a superior role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Genes that are related to cell cycle progression. DNA repair, and cytokine signaling have also been shown to be pivotal in colorectal carcinogen. DNA hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoter regions has been intensively studied to demonstrate its critical role in gene silencing. Histone modification includes histone methylation and deacetylation, both of which have been shown to be associated with DNA methylation