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Fig. 4 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 4

From: M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition, perineural invasion, and migration/metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma through the AKT pathway

Fig. 4

M3-mAChR alters perineural invasion in cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells. a Growth status, survival conditions, cell size, and axon growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after ex vivo culture for 36 h. a-1 DRG anatomy. a-2 and a-3 Representative images showing DRG survival and growth (arrow; panel 2: ×20 and panel 3: ×40). a-4 and a-5 Representative images of Gomori-stained DRGs (arrow) highlighting the reticular fibers (light green) (panel 4: ×20) and neuritis occurring at the periphery (arrow; panel 5: ×40). a-6 Representative images of NF IHC-stained DRGs highlighting the branched and radial arrangement of the neuritis structures (arrow; ×40). a-7 Representative images of Niss1-stained DRGs showing the neuritis growing from the DRG periphery (arrow; ×40). b RBE cell invasion during co-culture with DRGs in the presence of different factors (arrow). The data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. c Influence of M3-mAChR expression on perineural invasion by cholangiocarcinoma cells. Scale bar, 50 μm

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Cancer Cell International

ISSN: 1475-2867

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