Fig. 5

ERK1/2 regulates HVJ-E-induced autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. HeLa cells were cultured with HVJ-E (800 MOI) in the presence or absence of U0126 (18 μM). a, b Autophagosomes were detected by TEM. The number of autophagosomes was analyzed according to the distribution in the cells. c Cells were stained with lysotracker-red, and the distribution of GFP-LC3 and lysosomes was observed by confocal microscopy. d–g The phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, the conversion of LC3, and the expression of Beclin 1 were assessed by Western blot. β-actin was used as a loading control. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01