Table 1 Independent prognostic biomarkers in resected colorectal liver metastases
Biomarker | References | Year | N | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Detection ratea | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-sufficiency in growth signals | ||||||
 Ki-67 | Ivanecz et al. [64] | 2014 | 98 | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 27/98 (28%) | 0.038 |
 EGFR | Goos et al. [120] | 2014 | 323 | 1.54 (1.07–2.22)c | 121/323 (37%) | 0.02 |
 RKIP | Kim et al. [77] | 2012 | 68 | 0.19 (0.09–0.45)c | 22/68 (32%) | 0.014 |
Insensitivity to anti-growth signals | ||||||
 p53 | Nitti et al. [59] | 1998 | 69 | 2.53 (1.84–3.22) | 44/69 (64%) | 0.008 |
Evading programmed cell death | ||||||
 TRX-1 | Noike et al. [142] | 2008 | 84 | 0.41 (0.24–0.71) | 37/84 (44%) | 0.002 |
 FAS/CD95 | Onodera et al. [191] | 2005 | 85 | 3.254 (1.00–10.49) | 30/85 (35%) | 0.048 |
Limitless replicative potential | ||||||
 hTERT | Dômont et al. [40] | 2005 | 201 | 2.03 (1.46–2.82) | 86/201 (43%) | < 0.001 |
Sustained angiogenesis | ||||||
 CD34 | Miyagawa et al. [131] | 2002 | 71 | 2.46 (1.13–5.37) | 38/71 (54%) | 0.023 |
|  | Nanashima et al. [132] | 2009 | 139 | 2.71 (1.15–6.42) | 69/139 (50%) | 0.023 |
 PTGS2/COX-2 | Goos et al. [120] | 2014 | 351 | 1.59 (1.14–2.26)c | 85/351 (24%) | 0.01 |
 VEGFA | Goos et al. [198] | 2016 | 335 | 1.50 (1.066–2.111)c | 101/335 (30%) | 0.02 |
Activating invasion and metastasis | ||||||
 TSP-1 | Sutton et al. [159] | 2005 | 182 | 1.82 (1.00–3.10) | 45/182 (25%) | 0.01 |
|  | Teraoku et al. [160] | 2016 | 94 | 0.38 (0.12–0.99)c | 35/94 (63%) | < 0.05 |
 CAV-1 | Neofytou et al. [156] | 2017 | 108 | 0.40 (0.21–0.78)c | 61/108 (56%) | 0.007 |
 KISS1 | Zhu et al. [172] | 2015 | 55 | 0.20 (0.05–0.91) | 19/55 (35%) | 0.037 |
 FRZB | Shen et al. [21] | 2015 | 136 | 2.552 (1.86–3.64) | 89/136 (65%) | < 0.001 |
Deregulated metabolism | ||||||
 Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/SLC2A1) | Goos et al. [198] | 2016 | 350 | 0.65 (0.51–0.863)c | 179/350 (51%) | < 0.01 |
Immune evasion/suppression | ||||||
 MHChiCD3hi | Turcotte et al. [213] | 2014 | 154 | 0.36 (0.20–0.67) | 31/154 (20%) | 0.001 |
 CD3+CD8 | Wang et al. [212] | 2018 | 249 | 0.69 (0.59–0.80) | 90/249 (36%) | < 0.001 |
 CD45RO | Brunner et al. [211] | 2014 | 201b | 0.46 (0.28–0.73)c | 155/201 (77%) | 0.001 |
|  |  | 2014 | 201b | 0.25 (0.10–0.64)c | 155/201 (77%) | 0.004 |
 plgR | Liu et al. [179] | 2014 | 136 | 2.673 (1.87–3.76) | 86/136 (63%) | < 0.001 |
 CD83 | Miyagawa et al. [210] | 2004 | 70 | 0.42 (0.23–0.76)c | 44/70 (63%) | 0.004 |
 Tryptase | Suzuki et al. [209] | 2015 | 135 | 17.3 (4.80–62) | 73/135 (54%) | < 0.01 |
 CD68 | Miyagawa et al. [131] | 2002 | 71 | 2.127 (1.01–4.50) | 36/71 (51%) | 0.049 |
Genome instability | ||||||
 Aurora kinase A | Goos et al. [109] | 2013 | 343 | 1.66 (1.08–2.54)c | 115/243 (34%) | 0.02 |
Other markers | ||||||
 CD133 | Yamamoto et al. [91] | 2014 | 103 | 0.320 (0.13–0.81) | 46/103 (45%) | 0.016 |
 APOBEC3G | Lan et al. [185] | 2014 | 136 | 2.582 (1.83–3.63) | 91/136 (67%) | < 0.001 |
 CDX2 | Shigematsu et al. [217] | 2018 | 396 | 0.415 (0.26–0.66) | 360/396 (91%) | < 0.001 |