Fig. 1

Effect of DA-9401 on microscopic observations and histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining of the testis of adriamycin (ADR)-treated male SD rats. a Rat testis cross sections stained with H&E showing loss of spermatogenic cells and seminiferous tubule vacuole with disorganization in the ADR group (arrowhead; a). b Johnsen score in seminiferous tubules. c Spermatogenic cell density in seminiferous tubules. d Cross section of TUNEL stained testis to show TUNEL positive cells (arrows; d). e Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells analyzed as total positive cells/seminiferous tubule. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. CTR, Control; DA 100, DA-9401 100 mg/kg/day p.o.; ADR, Adriamycin 2 mg/kg i.p. per week; ADR + DA 100, Adriamycin 2 mg/kg i.p. per week + DA-9401 100 mg/kg/day p.o.; ADR + DA 200, Adriamycin 2 mg/kg i.p. per week + DA-9401 200 mg/kg/day p.o.; p.o, Per oral; i.p., Intraperitoneally. *P < 0.05 vs. CTR group, ^#P < 0.05 vs. DA 100 group, ⁺P < 0.05 vs. ADR group (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; n = 10 for each group)