Fig. 2

Emodin induces colon cancer cell death by modulating apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis antibody microarray was probed with protein from Emodin-treated (DLD-1 ~ 18 μM; COLO 201 ~ 15 μM; 48 h) and vehicle-treated CoCa cells and heatmap was generated from normalized intensity data using CIMminer. Each cell in the heatmap represents the fold change in apoptosis-related protein in Emodin-treated CoCa cells compared to vehicle-treated control. Red represents increase while green represents decrease in protein expression, and intensity of color indicates expression levels (a). Changes in Caspase (b),  Cytochrome C, p53 and PARP expression (c) after Emodin treatment are shown in representative western images. β-actin was used as the loading control. The quantitative bar graphs in panel (b) and (c) represent ratio of protein in Emodin treated versus vehicle-treated after normalization with house keeping protein intensity. All graphs represent the mean fold change intensity value ± SEM from three independent experiments; Asterisks (*) p < 0.05, (**) p < 0.01, (***) p < 0.001 show significant change in response to Emodin treatment compared with the control