Fig. 4

GrA altered the ultrastructure and membrane potential of mitochondria. a TEM images presenting morphological changes in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with 0.05 μM GrA or Sal for 24 h. The yellow arrow indicates mitochondria in pancreatic cancer cells. Scale bar: 500 nm. b Effects of 0.01 μM GrA or Sal on mitochondrial membrane potential of pancreatic cells detected by flow cytometry. X-axis: green fluorescence intensity, Y-axis: red fluorescence intensity. c Protein expression profiles of VDAC in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with 0.1 and 0.01 μM of GrA and Sal respectively for 48 h (upper) and its normalized density analysis (lower), *P < 0.05 in GrA vs control