Table 1 Main approved drugs for mRCC therapy under certain circumstances
From: Cell death-related molecules and biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma targeted therapy
Classification of the therapy method | Target | Drugs |
|---|---|---|
Chemotherapy | DNA or RNA synthesis | Gemcitabine, doxorubicin |
Nonspecific immune cytokines | Nonspecific immune cytokines | IL-2, IFN-α |
Targeted therapy | VEGF | Bevacizumab |
VEGFR-TKI (multitarget) | Sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, cabozantinib, axitinib, lenvatinib | |
mTOR | Temsirolimus, everolimus | |
Immune checkpoint inhibitors | PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 | Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, atezolizumab |
Combination therapy |  | Nivolumab + ipilimumab |
IFN-α + bevacizumab | ||
Bevacizumab + erlotinib | ||
Bevacizumab + everolimus | ||
Lenvatinib + everolimus |