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Table 1 Characteristics of Subsets of T cells (Treg)

From: CD146 T cells in lung cancer: its function, detection, and clinical implications as a biomarker and therapeutic target

Subset

Specific marker

Secretory products

Actions

Location

nTreg

CD4, CD25, Foxp3

IL-10, TGF-β

Block T cell proliferation, suppression of DCs, inhibition of effector Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells; suppress mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils; interact with resident tissue cells

Thymus

nTeg

CD4, CD25, CD127

IL-10, TGF-β

Block T cell proliferation,

Neonatal thymus

ICOS(+) Treg

CD4, CD25, Foxp3, ICOS

IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ

Suppress hapten-reactive CD8(+) T cells

Generated from nTregs

iTreg

CD4, Foxp3

IL-10, TGF-β

Similar to nTreg

Periphery

Tr1

CD4, CD25

IL-10

Suppress effector Th cell migration and functions suppress mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils

Generated from non-Treg cell precursors and home lungs and draining lymph nodes

CD8(+)Treg

CD8, Foxp3, CD25 (not for tonsil origin), CD28

IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, GB

Block activation of naive or effector T cells; suppress IgG/IgE antibody responses [9], IL-4 expression and the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells

Generated from OT-1 CD8 cells [9] and tonsils

IL-17-producing Foxp3 (+) Treg

CD4, Foxp3, CCR6, RORGTF

IL-17

Inhibit the proliferation of CD4(+) effector T cells

Differentiated from CD4(+)Foxp3(+)CCR6(−) Tregs in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue

  1. nTreg natural regulatory T cell, ICOS inducible costimulator, iTreg inducible/adaptive regulatory T cell, Tr1 cell IL-10-producing type 1 regulatory T cell, GB granzyme B, RORGTF ROR gamma transcription factor