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Fig. 2 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 2

From: Extracellular and macropinocytosis internalized ATP work together to induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition and other early metastatic activities in lung cancer

Fig. 2

Extracellular ATP enhances the motility, invasion, MMPs expression and alters cell morphology in NSCLC cells. a–d Effect of ATP on the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells using Transwell assays. Cells treated with various concentrations of ATP in migration assay (16 h) or invasion assay (24 h). Cells were then stained with crystal violet and observed under the microscope with × 200 magnification. Representative images and the quantitative analysis following a, b the migration and invasion assays in A549 cells. c, d the migration and invasion assay in H1299 cells. e Effect of extracellular ATP on EMT-related morphological changes of A549 and H1299 cells. A549 and H1299 cells after 24 h incubation with ATP (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) or with vehicle (control) were fixed and stained with Alexa Fluor® 488 Phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). The images were examined and photographed using confocal microscopy. Arrowheads show the formation of F-actin-enriched membrane protrusions. f Dose dependent effect of ATP on mRNA levels of MMP7, MMP9 and MMP13 in A549 cells. Experiments were performed in triplicate and data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001

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Cancer Cell International

ISSN: 1475-2867

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