Sex/age | Symptoms | Location | Enhancement | Tumour features | Pathology | Outcome | Marker profile | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female 31 | Right-sided anosmia, generalised seizures | Anterior cranial fossa, attached to the olfactory groove | Heterogeneous | Irregular, avascular, cystic-solid, capsulated tumour with calcified nodules. 6.5 cm diameter. Bone erosion | Spindle-shaped cells in a wavy cellular arrangement. Distorted and twisted nuclei | Complete removal. Uneventful | S100 + EMA − Leu7 − | [5] |
Male 42 | Normal olfactory function, generalised seizures | Anterior cranial fossa (left subfrontal region), arising from the left olfactory bulb | Heterogeneous | Round, cystic-solid fibrous tumour | Spindle-shaped cells, fibrous cords. Curved vesicular nuclei with ill-defined cytoplasmic margins | Complete removal. Uneventful | S100 + EMA – GFAP – SMA – Leu7 – | [57] |
Male 32 | Olfactory function not mentioned, seizures | Anterior cranial fossa (left frontal base) | Heterogeneous | Round, solid, greyish-white tumour with a glistening appearance and rubbery consistency. 3.6 × 3.3 × 3.9 cm | Spindle-shaped cells, fibrous cords. Ovoid, elongated, normochromatic, comma-shaped nuclei. Interrupted deposits of basal lamina in the cellular membrane | Complete removal. Uneventful. | S100 + (80% of cells) Leu7 – Calretinin – Podoplanin – EMA – GFAP – | [58] |
Female 28 | Anosmia, focal seizures | Anterior cranial fossa | Heterogeneous | Greyish-white, irregular, cloudy, solid. 4 × 3.5 × 2.5 cm | Well-circumscribed tumour with elongated spindle-shaped cells, fibrous cords. Moderate nuclear pleomorphism | Complete removal. Anosmia | S100 + Synaptophysin + EMA – Leu7 – | [56] |
Female 30 | Right-sided anosmia, headache | Anterior cranial fossa, intradural, extra-axial space and attached to the right cribriform plate | Homogenous | Round, solid 4 cm diameter. | Cells formed patterns of compact fascicular Antoni A areas (resembling Schwannoma) with palisading nuclei | Complete removal. Olfactory function was not restored | S100 + EMA – Leu7 – | [63] |
Female 41 | Anosmia, headache | Olfactory mucosa; olfactory cleft extending superiorly to the olfactory groove | Heterogeneous | Irregular, cystic tumour. Bone defect in the skull base | Spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated or wavy nuclei with occasional symplastic changes | Subtotal resection. Uneventful | S100 + Neuron-specific enolase + Synaptophysin + (weakly) EMA – Leu7 – | [64] |
Male 49 | Hyposmia, visual impairment | Anterior cranial fossa | Homogenous | Round, cystic-solid tumour, eroding the right cribriform plate | Unknown | Complete removal. Uneventful | S100 + EMA – Leu7 – | [55] |
Male 20 | Normal olfaction, headache, generalized seizures | Anterior cranial fossa | Heterogeneous | The tumour grew towards the left olfactory groove and compressed the left frontal cortex. Greyish-red, vascular tumour. Cystic necrosis inside the tumour. 3.4 × 2.6 × 5.0 cm | Spindle-shaped cells were predominantly arranged in compact fascicles or fibrous cords and a few cells were arranged in whorls | Complete removal, hyposmia | Vimentin + S100 + EMA – Leu7 – | [60] |
Female 45 | Olfactory function not mentioned, foreign body sensation | Anterior cranial fossa. | Heterogeneous | Irregular, cystic tumour 6.2 × 6.0 × 4.0 cm | Spindle-shaped cells. Compact, fascicular Antoni A areas as well as Antoni B areas | Complete removal. Uneventful | S100 + Leu7 – GFAP – EMA – | [61] |
Female 34 | Hyposmia, dizziness, emotional lability | Anterior cranial fossa | Homogenous | Well-defined cystic, greyish-red mass, 3.1 cm diameter | Spindle cells with eosinophilic protoplasm, tadpole-shaped nucleus | Complete removal. Uneventful | Vimentin + S100 + EMA – GFAP – Leu7 – | [59] |
Female 40 | Left-sided anosmia, migraine, headaches | Anterior cranial fossa, olfactory groove adjacent to the left inferior anterior frontal lobe | Heterogeneous | 3.2 cm diameter | Spindle cell neoplasm characterized by extensive palisading and prominent Antoni A (Verocay bodies) and Antoni B areas | Complete removal. Left-sided anosmia | S100 + Type IV collagen + Leu7 – EMA – | [62] |