Table 1 Summary of the prognosis part of included studies
Study | Region | Galectin types | Sample size | High expression (%) | Age (mean or median) | Sex (M/F) | Pathology | Stage or grade | Result | Survival analysis | HR (95% CI) | Cutoff value | Sample source | Detection method | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen [19] | USA | Galactin-1 | 43 | 95 | NR | NR | PDAC | NR | OS | U | 4.90 (1.788–13.426) | Positive cells ≥ 5% | Tissue | IHC | 72 |
Tang [17] | China | Galactin-1 | 66 | 71.21 | 55 (37–83) | 45/21 | PDAC | TNM I-IV | OS | M | 4.676 (1.963–11.134) | Positive cells > 30% | Tissue | IHC | 78 |
Shimamura [20] | Japan | Galactin-3 | 104 | 50 | 62 (45–82) | 62/42 | PDAC | TNM I-IV | OS | M | 0.48 (0.28–0.81) | Positive cells ≥ 60% | Tissue | IHC | 104 |
Gaida [21] | Germany | Galactin-3 | 130 | 80.80 | 66 (39–85) | 74/56 | PDAC | TNM I-IV | OS | KM | 0.85 (0.49–1.47) | Positive cells ≥ 1% | Tissue | IHC | 40 |
Shimura [24] | Japan | Galactin-3 | 21 | 47.62 | 67.1 | 14/7 | PC | TNM I-III | OS | M | 4.559 (1.176–17.685) | 10.2 ng/ml | Serum | Immunoassay | 66 |
Maftouh [26] | Italy | Galactin-4 | 20 | 55.00 | NR | 9/11 | PDAC | T3N0(1)Mx | OS | KM | 0.64 (0.25–1.68) | Staining score ≥ median | Tissue | IHC | 45 |
DFS | KM | 0.87 (0.33–2.26) | |||||||||||||
Hu [27] | Sweden | Galactin-4 | 140 | 79.30 | 69 (63–73) | 66/74 | PDAC | TNM I–IV | OS | M | 0.636 (0.380–1.063) | Positive cells ≥ 10% | Tissue | IHC | 60 |
DFS | M | 0.638 (0.371–1.095) | |||||||||||||
Sideras [28] | Netherlands | Galactin-9 | 148 | 53.30 | NR | NR | PC | Grade I-III | OS | M | 0.62 (0.40–0.97) | 0.4 (out of 3) | Tissue | IHC | 175 |
DFS | U | 0.6 (0.43–0.85) |