Fig. 1

Sulforaphene induces esophageal cancer cell apoptosis. a The flow cytometry profile represents the results of annexin V-FITC and PI staining and shows apoptosis in Eca109 cells. b The flow cytometry profile represents the results of PI staining and shows the cell cycle of Eca109 cells. c Comparison of early apoptosis rates in Eca109 cells with control and sulforaphene treatment. d The difference in the late apoptosis rates in Eca109 cells with control and sulforaphene treatment. e Comparison of the total apoptosis rates in Eca109 cells with control and sulforaphene treatment. f Comparison of the number of cells in the G1, S, and G2/M phases in Eca109 cells with control and sulforaphene treatment. g Representative TEM photographs showing cellular surfaces with short microvilli, an amorphous and granular glycocalyx, goblet cells full of mucigen granules and a large number of interdigitations. Data are expressed as the mean SD. * Indicates P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001