Fig. 1

Establishment of the glioma PDX model. a Making one to four cuts in the neck or flank, two to four pieces were subcutaneously implanted into the right and left flanks of 8–12 weeks old NPG mice. When the tumor reached the appropriate volume, the tumor was harvested to be propagated, fixed for histological evaluation or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent investigations. b Tumor growth of implanted tumor samples from patients 20161128, 20180129 and 20180319 and further propagation of the tumor in successive generations. c Tumor success rates were associated with a mutant of IDH and high Ki67 expression (> 5%) in the patient tumor samples