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Table 3 Summary of drug therapy for colorectal cancer patients with MSI characteristics

From: Microsatellite instability: a review of what the oncologist should know

Drug

Target

Indications

Remarks

Refs.

Fluorouracil

Nucleic acid

Stage III to IV CRC

Chemotherapy

Kwon et al. [81]

Nivolumab

PD-L1

Patients with advanced metastatic CRC over the age of 12 years with MSI-H/dMMR; BRAF mutation caused by dMMR/MSI-H metastatic CRC

Based on the chemotherapy drug treatment

Overman et al. [87]

Ipilimumab

CTLA4

Combined treatment with Nivolumab for metastatic CRC aggravated by MSI-H/dMMR after oxaliplatin, irinotecan and fluorouracil

Low dose ipilimumab combined with nivolumab can reduce side effects in patients

Overman et al. [89]

Pembrolizumab

PD-L1

Advanced anti-PD-L1 positive CRC patients

Based on the chemotherapy drug treatment

O’Neil et al. [91]

Bevacizumab

VEGF

Patients with MSI-H tumor

Based on the chemotherapy drug treatment

Innocenti et al. [92]

  1. PD-L1 programmed cell death-Ligand 1, CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, CRC colorectal cancer, dMMR mismatch repair deficient, MSI-H microsatellite high instability