Fig. 2

HM alters redox balance in CRC cells. HM-treated HT-29 (a) and SW620 (b) CRC cells were incubated with c-H2-DCFDA for 30 min and the fluorescence of the oxidized DCF was measured using a fluorescence plate reader. The bar graphs (a, b) show the fluorescence intensity and the results are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. c Histograms showing ROS detected in HT29 (c) and SW620 (d) CRC cells after 24 h of treatment with HM (100 μg/ml). Total glutathione levels were detected in HT29 (e) and SW620 (f) cells after 24 h of treatment with HM in a dose-dependent manner. The bar graphs (e, f) show the absorbance read at 405 nm and the results are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (*), (**), (***), and (****) signify a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.0001) compared with the control, the untreated cells