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Table 1 Exosomal biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of breast and ovarian cancers

From: Early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancers by body fluids circulating tumor-derived exosomes

Exosomal marker

Cancer type

Clinical value

References

let-7, miR-200

OC SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines

The exosomal let-7 miRNA expression was significantly greater in SKOV-3 (high invasive cell line) compared with OVCAR-3 (low invasive cell line)

The expression of miR-200 family was only identified in OVCAR-3 cell-derived exosomes

[84]

miR-21, miR-23b, miR-29a

OC effusion supernatants

High expression all three exosomal microRNAs was associated with poor survival

[85]

miR-21, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-205, miR-214

OC patients serum

Overexpression exosomal microRNAs in different stages of OC patients

Exosomal microRNAs were significantly lower in benign OC patients and negative in control cases

[52]

miR-373, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c

OC patients serum

Overexpression all four exosomal microRNAs in OC patients

The levels of miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-200c distinguished between malignant and benign OC

The increased levels of miR-200c and miR-200b were associated with CA125 values and shorter overall survival

[53]

miR-99a-5p

OC patients serum

MiR-99a-5p significantly elevated in OC patients compared to benign patients and healthy individuals

[54]

miR-30a-5p

OC patients urine

High levels of miR-30a-5p in OC patients

[58]

EpCAM, CD24

OC patients ascite

High levels of EpCAM and CD24 in OC patients

[50]

EpCAM, CD24, CA-125

OC patients plasma

High levels of EpCAM, CD24, and CA-125 in OC patients

[51]

EpCAM, CD24, CA-125, HER2, EGFR, FRα, CD9, CD63

OC patients plasma

This panel distinguished early and late stage OC and discriminated patient groups from benign subjects

[59]

CD24, L1CAM, ADAM10, EMMPRIN

OC patients ascites

Malignant ascites-derived exosomes contained tumor progression related proteins CD24, L1CAM, ADAM10, and, EMMPRIN.

[57]

TGF-β1, MAGE3/6

OC patients plasma

TGF-β1, MAGE3/6 distinguished OC patients from benign group and healthy controls

[55]

Claudin-4

OC patients plasma

High levels of Claudin-4 in OC patients

[56]

CD24, EpCAM

OC patients ascite

EpCAM and CD24 were enriched in exosomes from ascites and pleural effusions

[68]

BC patients pleural effusions and serum

EpCAM was absent from BC patients serum

miR-373, miR-101

BC patients serum

High levels of miR-373 and miR-101 in BC patients compared to benign patients and healthy individuals

Higher levels of miR-373 in more aggressive tumors (triple-negative and hormone receptor-negative BCs)

[63]

miR-105

BC patients serum

Overexpression of miR-105 in BC cells was associated with high risk of metastasis

[64]

miR-21, miR-1246

BC patients plasma

High levels of miR-21, miR-1246 in BC samples compared to healthy subjects

[65]

miR-223-3p

BC patients plasma

Higher levels of miR-223-3p in IDC group compared to DCIS patients and healthy controls

[66]

miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-335, miR-365, miR-376c, miR-382, miR-422a, miR-433, miR-628

BC patients plasma

miRNAs 27b, 335, 376c, 382, and 433 were upregulated in TNBC patients

miRNAs 27a, 27b, 365, and 628 were upregulated in HER2-positive BC patients

miR-422a was downregulated in HER2-positive BC patients

[74]

lncRNA HOTAIR

BC patients plasma

Positive correlation between the exosomal HOTAIR and HER2-positive BC patients

[75]

CD82

BC patients plasma

High levels of CD82 in BC exosomes is associated with high risk of metastasis

[69]

Del-1

BC patients plasma

Del-1 significantly elevated in BC patients compared to healthy controls

[70]

GPC1

BC patients serum

High levels of GPC1 in 75% of BC patients compared to healthy individuals

[71]

Survivin-2B

BC patients serum

Survivin significantly elevated in BC patients compared to healthy controls

[73]

GSTP1

BC patients serum

GSTP1 significantly elevated in chemo-resistant BC patients compared to chemo-sensitivite BC group

[77]

  1. OC Ovarian cancer, BC Breast cancer, IDC Invasive ductal carcinoma, DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ, GPC1 glypican-1