Fig. 4

Physical adhesion strength test utilizing spinning disk technique. a Schematic diagram of spinning disk system. b Optical images of cells before and after the spinning. The number of attached cells before and after the spinning was compared at the same position indicated by a square. c Comparison of remaining cells after the spinning. d Model of forces acting on cells and their interaction. Each value represents mean ± SEM (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001)