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Fig. 5 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 5

From: Synergy between hemagglutinin 2 (HA2) subunit of influenza fusogenic membrane glycoprotein and oncolytic Newcastle disease virus suppressed tumor growth and further enhanced by Immune checkpoint PD-1 blockade

Fig. 5

Cytokines (Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-4) and granzyme B levels in spleen cell cultures of mice two weeks after second treatment determined by ELISA assay. a IFN-γ level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among NDV-HA2 and NDV groups compared with all other groups. NDV-HA2 also showed a negligible increase for IFN-γ in comparison with NDV (P < 0.05). b IL-12 level in NDV-HA2 and NDV groups were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in comparison with other groups. c The distinction between IL-4 concentration of NDV-HA2, NDV, iNDV, and iNDV-HA2 was not significant and it was higher from HA2 and negative control groups (P < 0.001). d Granzyme B protein level was significantly more (P < 0.001) among NDV-HA2 treated mice compared to all other groups. The results are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, no significant difference

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Cancer Cell International

ISSN: 1475-2867

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