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Fig. 4 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 4

From: The emerging roles of non-coding competing endogenous RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 4

The steps and research methods for studying competing endogenous RNA network in HCC. First, differentially expressed ncRNAs in HCC should be obtained using various resources and software. Second, computer algorithms and public databases may be used to predict interactions between different transcripts and to construct ceRNET. Third, ceRNA interactions within ceRNET should be validated experimentally. Fourth, the dysregulation of ceRNAs in HCC pathogenesis may be further investigated by functional studies involving cell and animal experiments. Finally, the hub genes within ceRNET should be translated into clinical manegement of HCC. ncRNA: Non-coding RNA; ceRNA: Competing endogenous RNA; ceRNET: ceRNA regulatory network; mRNA: Messenger RNA; miRNA: MicroRNA; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization

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