Fig. 5

Effect of plumbagin on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways in T24 and UMUC3 cells. a The expression levels of PI3K p85, p-PI3K p85, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β were determined by western blotting with plumbagin at 0, 0.75 and 1.5 μM. GAPDH was as the internal control; Bar graphs show the relative expression levels of PI3K and p-PI3K in T24 cells (b) and in UMUC3 cells (c); Bar graphs show the relative expression levels of AKT and p-AKT in T24 cells (d) in UMUC3 cells (e); Bar graphs show the relative expression levels of GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in T24 cells (f) and in UMUC3 cells (g); Bar graphs show the relative expression levels of mTOR in T24 and in UMUC3 cells (h); i–k Bar graphs show the relative radio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β with plumbagin at 0, 0.75 and 1.5 μM. Data are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001