Fig. 9

Validation of scRNA-seq data. The scRNA-seq data of the human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line Rh41 was downloaded from Gene expression omnibus (GEO) (GSE113660) to validate the distribution and expression of key genes (PAX5, LTB, IL1A, IL5RA, IL7, LY9, SLAMF7, SDC1 and ICAM1). Firstly, 7261 human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells were reduced and clustered into ten cellular clusters by the UMAP method with a resolution of 0.50 (a). Except for PAX5, LTB and CD44 (Markers of stem cells) were significantly colocalization in the No. 7 clusters, SLAMF7, SDC1 (Syndecan-1) and ICAM1 were scattered among different clusters of rhabdomyosarcoma cells while IL1A, IL5RA, IL7 and LY9 were not detected in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (b). In cell cycle analysis, rhabdomyosarcoma cells with high expression of PAX5 and LTB were significantly located in the G2M and S phases (c–d). Moreover, GSVA heatmap demonstrated that some metastasis-related signaling pathways such as epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and angiogenesis were active in cells with high expression of PAX5 and LTB (E)