Table 1 Modulatory effect of luteolin on autophagy in cancer cell lines
From: Autophagy regulation using luteolin: new insight into its anti-tumor activity
Drug | Cancer cell line | IC50 | Effect on autophagy | Dose | Period of experiment (h) | Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luteolin | PC-12 | – | Inhibition | 100 µM | 24 | Reducing tumor proliferation | [34] |
Luteolin | Liver cancer cells | – | Inhibition | 20 µM | 24 | Sensitized human liver cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis | [35] |
Luteolin | Human Multiple Myeloma Cell RPMI-8226 | – | Induction | 20–80 µmol/L | 24 and 48 | Providing a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cells | [36] |
Luteolin and cisplatin | Ovarian cancer cell | – | Inhibition | 20 and 40 µM | 24 | Promoted the sensitivity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer by decreasing PRPA1-medicated autophagy | [37] |
Luteolin | SMMC-7721 cells | – | Induction | 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM | 24, 48 and 72 | Improving apoptotic cell death | [38] |
Luteolin and doxorubicin | Human osteosarcoma U2OS cells | – | Induction | 10, 50, 100 and 200 µM | 24 | Improving doxorubicin-mediated autophagy and decreasing osteosarcoma viability | [39] |
Luteolin and Chloroquine | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (MET4 cell) | – | Induction | 50 mmol/L | 24 | Chloroquine enhanced the cell death inducing effect of the flavonoid luteolin in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma cells | [40] |
Luteolin | NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells. | – | Induction | 200 mmol/L | 24 | Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and non-canonical autophagy | [41] |
Luteolin | Colon cancer cells (HCT116) | 27.61 ± 1.28 | Induction | 25 and 50 µM | 24 | Impaired hypoxia adaptation and progression in human colon cancer cells | [42] |
Luteolin | Human colon cancer (SW620) cells | 48.8 ± 1.6 µM | Induction | 1, 2, 5, and 10 µM | 24 | Induction of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) activation-medited autophAGY | [43] |