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Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) demonestrating associations between fold changes in the expression of CTTN, RhoA, ROCK, CLDN-1, CLDN-2, and CLDN-4 genes and histologic grades as a dependent histopathological variable of primary non-metastatic BrCa (no distant metastasis) (n = 176)

From: Profiling the expression of pro-metastatic genes in association with the clinicopathological features of primary breast cancer

Expression levels of gene

Grade

   

Crude OR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

N

I

II

II

P-value¥

I

II

III

P for trend

I

II

III

P for trend

CTTN

 <2.31*

72

22 (30.6)a

42 (58.3)

8 (11.1)

0.027

1.00

3.03

(1.30–7.08)b

3.02

(0.939.82)

0.03

1.00

3.37

(1.35–8.38)c

3.69

(1.08–12.61)

0.020

 ≥2.31

77

10 (12.7)

58 (73.4)

11 (13.9)

   

 <4.88**

86

26 (30.2)

50 (58.1)

10 (11.6)

0.007

1.00

4.33

(1.64–11.43)

3.90

(1.10–13.81)

0.016

1.00

5.08

(1.75–14.69)c

5.08

(1.32–19.44)

0.010

 ≥4.88

65

6 (9.2)

50 (76.9)

9 (13.8)

   

RhoA

 <0.69*

86

22 (25.6)

55 (64.0)

9 (10.5)

0.238

1.00

1.77

(0.823.79)

2.27

(0.766.69)

0.107

1.00

1.81

(0.833.96)d

2.58

(0.867.76)

0.073

 ≥0.69

89

14 (15.7)

62 (69.7)

13 (14.6)

   

 <0.73**

87

22 (25.3)

55 (63.2)

10 (11.5)

0.305

1.00

1.77

(0.823.79)

1.88

(0.645.51)

0.184

1.00

1.81

(0.833.96)d

2.14

(0.726.38)

0.131

 ≥0.73

88

14 (15.9)

62 (70.5)

12 (13.6)

   

ROCK

 <0.83*

85

21 (24.7)

55 (64.7)

9 (10.6)

0.347

1.00

1.66

(0.773.58)

2.00

(0.665.99)

0.172

1.00

1.65

(0.763.58)e

1.90

(0.635.74)

0.202

 ≥0.83

87

14 (16.1)

61 (70.1)

12 (13.8)

   

 <1.09**

105

28 (26.7)

67 (63.8)

10 (9.5)

0.025

1.00

2.92

(1.18–7.24)

4.40

(1.33–14.48)

0.011

1.00

2.86

(1.14–7.14)e

4.22

(1.26–14.07)

0.014

 ≥1.09

67

7 (10.4)

49 (73.1)

11 (16.4)

   

CLDN-1

 <1.06 *

87

19 (21.8)

56 (64.4)

12 (13.8)

0.491

1.00

1.27

(0.602.69)

0.74

(0.242.25)

0.806

1.00

1.35

(0.632.89)f

0.78

(0.252.40)

0.891

 ≥1.06

89

17 (19.1)

64 (71.9)

8 (9.0)

   

 <0.75**

38

7 (18.4)

25 (65.8)

6 (15.8)

0.614

1.00

0.91

(0.362.33)

0.56

(0.151.99)

0.420

1.00

0.96

(0.372.48)f

0.57

(0.162.04)

0.452

≥0.75

138

29 (21.0)

95 (68.8)

14 (10.1)

   

CLDN-2

 <1.15*

47

13 (27.7)

29 (61.7)

5 (10.6)

0.434

1.00

1.90

(0.695.23)

1.95

(0.448.54)

0.275

1.00

2.56

(0.798.34)g

2.99

(0.5715.51)

0.143

 ≥1.15

48

8 (16.7)

34 (70.8)

6 (12.5)

   

 <1.12**

16

6 (37.5)

8 (50.0)

2 (12.5)

0.241

1.00

2.75

(0.829.15)

1.80

(0.2910.90)

0.269

1.00

2.97

(0.8410.44)g

2.04

(0.3212.94)

0.243

 ≥1.12

79

15 (19.0)

55 (69.6)

9 (11.4)

   

CLDN-4

 <0.85*

86

17 (19.8)

59 (68.6)

10 (11.6)

0.963

1.00

0.91

(0.431.92)

0.84

(0.332.89)

0.930

1.00

0.93

(0.432.01)h

1.04

(0.353.12)

0.980

 ≥0.85

90

19 (21.1)

60 (66.7)

11 (12.2)

   

 <0.67**

68

14 (20.6)

47 (69.1)

7 (10.3)

0.866

1.00

0.97

(0.452.09)

1.27

(0.413.93)

0.740

 

0.98

(0.452.14)h

1.32

(0.424.12)

0.687

 ≥0.67

108

22 (20.4)

72 (66.7)

14 (13.0)

    
  1. The statistically significant finding was shown in italics (P < 0.05)
  2. N number, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CTTN cortactin, RhoA ras homolog gene family member A, ROCK rho-associated kinase, CLDN claudin
  3. aData were expressed as number (%)
  4. bLogistic regression analysis was performed
  5. Adjusted for cEducation status (illiterate/middle school/diploma/bachelor and higher) and waist circumference (< 90 cm/90 ≤ cm); dAge at menarche (< 13 year/13 ≤ year) and waist circumference (< 90 cm/90 ≤ cm); eAge at first pregnancy (< 24 year/24 ≤ year) and body mass index (≤ 24.99 kg/m2/25-29.99 kg/m2/30 ≤ kg/m2); f Education status (illiterate/middle school/diploma/bachelor and higher) and body mass index (≤ 24.99 kg/m2/25-29.99 kg/m2/30 ≤ kg/m2); gEducation status (illiterate/middle school/diploma/bachelor and higher) and number of pregnancy (0-1/2-3/≥ 4); hAge at menarche (< 13 year/13 ≤ year) and number of pregnancy (0-1/2-3/≥ 4).
  6. ¥Chi-square test was performed
  7. *Fold changes in the expression of studied genes were categorized based on median values
  8. **Fold changes in the expression of studied genes were categorized based on the cutoff identified by Youden’s index (ROC-based cutoff)