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Fig. 2 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 2

From: MicroRNA regulation of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

Fig. 2

miRNA-mediated regulation of BCSCs via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. a “Wnt off”. In the absence of Wnt ligands, the destruction complex (Axin-1, GSK-3β, APC, CX1α) is formed. β-catenin is phosphorylated by the destruction complex, thereby targeting it to be degraded by the β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitin proteasome system. b “Wnt on”. Wnt ligands bind to the Frizzled/Lrp 5/6 receptors, thus leading to Dvl phosphorylation. Phosphorylated Dvl recruits Axin to the membrane, which destroys the destruction complex and prevents the phosphorylation of β-catenin. Thus, β-catenin accumulates in the cytoplasm and finally moves into the nucleus, where it interacts with TCF4/LEF and/or co-activators and promotes the transcription of Wnt target genes. The immediate targets of several miRNAs are marked

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