miRNAs | Properties | Related cancers | Altered expression of miRNAs under hypoxic condition | Recognized mechanisms |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-20 (a,b) | Tumor suppressive Anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive [89, 90] Pro-oncogenic | Breast cancer [89] Osteosarcoma [90] Colon cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer [93] | Down-regulation | (miR-20a,b) regulation of VEGF [94] (miR-20b) Targeting HIF1α and STAT3, and inhibition of VEGF expression and modulate tumor angiogenesis [89, 90] (miR-20a) Targeting E2F1 and HIPK1, activation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling and sustain self-renewal ability of CSCs [91, 92] |
miR-21 | Pro-oncogenic Anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, proliferative, invasive, chemoresistant, stemness preserving [95, 96] | Prostate cancer, lung cancer [93] Head and neck cancer [100] | Up-regulation | Decrease of the tumor suppressor PTEN[106] and PDCD4[103] Increase expression of VEGF and HIF-1α and tumor angiogenesis [107] Increase CSC self-renewal capacity [108] and stemness properties [109, 110] |
miR-22 | Tumor suppressive Anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-proliferative, chemosensitive, radiosensitivite, pro-apoptotic [111,112,113,114] Pro-oncogenic | Colon cancer [111] Hepatocellular carcinoma [112] Ovarian cancer [113] Cervical cancer [114] Breast cancer [115] | Down-regulation | Up-regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN Suppression Of P21 And Induction Of P53-Dependent apoptosis [111, 117] Inhibition of c-Myc binding protein, reduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, and increased radiosensitivity [114] Inhibition of tumor suppressor TET2, increase of Aim2, Hal, Igbt2, and Sp140, and increase EMT and CSC self-renewal and stemness [115] |
miR-101 | Tumor suppressive Anti-invasive, stemness inhibitory [118] | Pancreatic cancer [119] Prostate cancer [120] Non-small cell lung cancer[121] | Down-regulation | Inactivation of epigenetic regulator EZH2, and inhibition of cancer CSC maintenance and EMT characteristics [119, 122] |
miR-107 | Tumor suppressive Anti-angiogenic, chemoresistant, stemness inhibitory [123, 124] | Breast cancer Colon cancer [125] Pancreatic cancer [93] Head and neck cancer [124] | Up-Regulation | Regulation of HIF-1β signaling, decrease of VEGF, and inhibition of VEGF mediated angiogenesis [125] |
miR-181b | Tumor suppressive | Acute myeloid leukemia [126] Hepatocellular carcinoma [127] Glioblastoma [129] Non-small cell lung cancer [128] | Up-regulation | Inhibition of MLK2 and proliferation of cancer cells [126] Suppression of TIMP3, enhancement of MMP2 and MMP9 activity, and tumor progression and invasion [127] Down regulation of Notch2 in CSCs, decrease stem markers, Suppression of tumorsphere formation, and increases Chemosensitivity related to CSCs [128] |
miR-200 (a,b,c) | Tumor suppressive | Gastric cancer [131] Breast cancer [132] Prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer [118] Nasopharyngeal carcinoma [130] | Down-regulation | Targeting the ZEB1/ZEB2, suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, increase E-cadherin, and inhibition of EMT[131] and CSC phenotype [132, 133] Down-regulation of Bmil-1, Suz12, and Notch-1, regulating the CSC and EMT phenotypes and functions and inhibition of CSC formation [118] Targeting the MYH10, and inhibition of migration and invasion [130] |
miR-210 | Pro-oncogenic Pro-angiogenic, proliferative, invasive, metastatic, stemness preserving [134] | Colon ccancer [136] | Up-regulation | Increase of VEGF and CAIX expression, and tumor angiogenesis Targeting of E-cadherin mRNA, up-regulation of E-cadherin transcription repressor (Snail) and suppression of E-cadherin expression, increase of CSC metastasis, proliferation, and self-renewal capacity [134] Suppression of RAD52, reduces DNA repair and results in hypoxia-related genetic instability in cancer [137] |
miR-373 | Pro-oncogenic Proliferative, invasive, metastatic, stemness preserving [138, 139] | Breast cancer [138] Colorectal cancer [139] | Up-regulation | Transactivation of E-cadherin and metastatic develpment [140, 141] Activation of Nanog and Hedgehog signaling pathways, and enhancement of cancer cell self-renewal capacity and stemness [139] Suppression of RAD23B and RAD52, reduces DNA repair and results in hypoxia-related genetic instability in cancer [137] |
let-7 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) | Tumor suppressive | Breast cancer [145] Head and neck cancer [100] Oral cancer [142] | Down-regulation | Regulation of PTEN, CSC marker Lin28b, suppression of EMT and CSC phenotype [142,143,144] Blockage of Wnt signaling and suppressing self-renewal and stemness of CSCs [145] Inhibition of EZH2, and suppression of CSC characteristics [146] |
miR-26a | Tumor suppressive | Gastric cancer [150] Hepatocellular carcinoma [149] Breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma [118] | ? | Suppression of HOXC9 and inhibits its metastatic and stemness features of self-renewal [150] Inhibition of EZH2, and suppression of CSC characteristics [147, 148] and EMT [149] |