Fig. 3

VP disrupts multiple steps of autophagy. a, b Immunoblots showing expression of ATG-5, Beclin-1 and LC3B-II after VP treatment for 24 h. c Immunoblot showing P62 protein expression after exposure to VP for different time points. The 'third bracket' represents the high molecular weight (HMW) band detected. d Fluorimetric analysis of MDC fluorescence in cells treated with VP or CQ (10 µM) for 24 h. e Immunoblot showing expression of Rab7 after VP exposure (10 µM). f GFP and RFP fluorescence intensity in cells transfected with GFP-RFP-LC3 vector followed by exposure to VP (10 µM) for 24 h. Scale bar: 10 µm. Objective: Plan Apochromat 63x/1.40 oil M27. * and # indicate the significant difference with respect to control and VP, respectively