Fig. 4

VP disrupts lysosomal stability. a Flow cytometric analysis representing a shift in AO fluorescence after VP treatment with respect to dose and time. b, c Immunoblots showing expression of LAMP-1 and HSP70 after VP exposure (10 µM). (d.i.) Bar graph representing fold change in intracellular ROS levels post-exposure to VP (10 µM) for 24 h as measured through DCFDA assay; (ii) MTT assay after 24 h of VP treatment, in presence or absence of NAC (20 mM). # indicates a significant difference compared to NAC treated cells. e MTT assay showing cell viability after treatment with CQ only (10 µM), or after VP (10 µM) plus CQ treatment for 24 h. CQ was added 1 h before VP treatment. f Fluorimetric analysis representing ROS levels in CQ only, or on VP plus CQ treatment. ‘*’ indicates a significant difference compared to untreated control