Fig. 5

Invasive propensity and spheroid formation in the established cell lines. a Representative images of the Transwell invasion assay in the six cell lines. Scale bar: 100 μm. b Quantitative analysis of cell invasion, demonstrating differences in the invasive properties among the cell lines. c Invasion ability of cell lines measured by RTCA invasion assay. The y-axis indicates the degree of cell migration. d Spheroid formation in the five cell lines. The cells exhibited anchorage-independent growth on soft agar. Scale bar: 200 μm