Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohort
Characteristic | Training cohort | External validation cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = (295) | n = (101) | ||||
Benignancy | Malignancy | Benignancy | Malignancy | ||
n = 106 | n = 189 | n = 35 | n = 66 | ||
No.(%) or | No.(%) or | No.(%) or | No.(%) or | ||
Mean ± sd | Mean ± sd | Mean ± sd | Mean ± sd | ||
Age (years) | 52.0 ± 11.7 | 59.7 ± 9.6 | 51.5 ± 9.7 | 59.2 ± 9.3 | |
Previous cancer history | |||||
 Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (4.8%) | 5 (14.3%) | 6 (9.1%) | |
 No | 106 (100.0%) | 180 (95.2%) | 30 (85.7%) | 60 (90.9%) | |
 Diametera (cm) | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | |
Spiculation | |||||
 Yes | 50 (52.8%) | 115 (60.8%) | 8 (22.9%) | 21 (31.8%) | |
 No | 56 (47.2%) | 74 (39.2%) | 27 (77.1%) | 45 (68.2%) | |
Calcification | |||||
 Yes | 8 (7.5%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (2.9%) | 3 (4.5%) | |
 No | 98 (92.5%) | 186 (98.4%) | 34 (97.1%) | 63 (95.5%) | |
Pleural stretch | |||||
 Yes | 24 (22.6%) | 61 (32.3%) | 6 (17.1%) | 24 (36.4%) | |
 No | 82 (77.4%) | 128 (67.7%) | 29 (82.9%) | 119 (63.6%) | |
VC (L) | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | |
FEV1 (L) | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | |
DLCO (mmol/min/kpa) | 5.6 ± 3.0 | 6.1 ± 2.8 | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | |
CEA (ng/mL) | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 8.3 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 17.3 | |
NSE (ng/mL) | 12.5 ± 3.8 | 13.4 ± 3.9 | 13.1 ± 4.0 | 13.8 ± 4.0 | |