Table 2 Strategies toward inhibition of angiogenesis to treat malignancies
From: Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer therapy: insights into targeting the tumour vasculature
Strategy | Mechanism | Therapeutic | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Exosomal miRNAs | Exosomes can regulate tumor cell angiogenesis, metastasis and proliferation by controlling a number of cellular pathways | Exosomes have supporting or suppressing impact tumor development | ||
Inhibition of VEGF | Suppression of progression and growth of ECs | Bevacizumab, a VEGF neutralizing mAb Soluble receptor of VEGF, VEGF-TrapR1R2 | [78] [81] | |
Inhibition of signal transduction by targeting receptor tyrosine kinases | Repression of receptor tyrosine kinases | (2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline-HCl and (E)-3-(3,5-Diisopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(3-phenyl-n-propyl) aminocarbonyl] acryl-onitrile) | [97] | |
MSC therapy | Regulation of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic compounds | MSCs-based delivery of endostatin | [103] | |