Fig. 6

GLCE inhibits the malignant biological behavior of ECSCs and ECCs. a CCK-8 was used to observe the effect of GLCE on the proliferation of ECSCs, and Ishikawa and HEC-1A cell lines. b The sphere formation assay was used to determine the effect of GLCE on stem cell sphere formation. c The Transwell invasion assay was used to determine the effect of GLCE on the invasion ability of ECSCs, and Ishikawa and HEC-1A cell lines. d Cell cycle analysis was used to detect the effect of GLCE on the cell cycle of ECSCs, and Ishikawa and HEC-1A cell lines. e Cell apoptosis assay was used to analyze the effect of GLCE on apoptosis of ECSCs, and Ishikawa and HEC-1A cell lines. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3, each group). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. (GLCE, GLCE-RNAi and the corresponding negative control are represented by GLCE( +), GLCE( +)-NC, GLCE(−), GLCE(−)-NC in the Figure.)