Table 1 Exosomal microRNA detected in HCC and clinical relevance
Exosomal MicroRNA | Parental cells | Recipient cells | Expression level in HCC | Target | Potential Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-210 | HCC cells | Endothelial cells | Upregulated | SMAD4, STAT6 | Promote tumor angiogenesis | [42] |
miR-744 | HepG2 cells | Â | Downregulated | PAX2 | Inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation and promotes the chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells to sorafenib | [112] |
miR-21, miR-10b | HCC cells | Â | Upregulated in Acidic Microenvironment | Â | Promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis | [94] |
miR-1247-3p | High-metastatic HCC cells | Fibroblasts |  | B4GALT3 | Activate β1-integrin-NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts and promote cancer progression | [91] |
miR-451a | Â | Â | Downregulated | LPIN1 | Promote apoptosis in HCC and endothelial cells | [78] |
miR-23a-3p | ER-stressed HCC cells | Macrophages | Â | PTEN | Regulate PD-L1 expression through the PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway and help tumor cells escape from antitumor immunity | [59] |
miR-32-5p | Multidrug-resistant cell (Bel/5-FU) | Sensitive cell (Bel7402) | Upregulated | PTEN | Activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to further induce multidrug resistance by modulating angiogenesis and EMT | [58] |
miR-92b | HCC cells | Natural killer (NK) cells | Upregulated | Â | Promote the downregulation of CD69 and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity | [116] |
miR-320a | Stromal cells | HCC cells | Downregulated | PBX3 | Inhibit tumor progression by suppressing the activation of the MAPK pathway | [68] |
miR-638 | HCC cells | HCC cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) | Downregulated | SP1 | Repress HCC cell proliferation by decreasing viability and colony formation, and decreased abilities of migration and invasion. | [77] |
miR-200b-3p | HCC cells | Endothelial cells | Downregulated | Â | Suppress endothelial ERG expression | [103] |