Fig. 4

Flowchart of the research methodology for each study. The differential expression of most lncRNAs was identified by NGS. LOC553103 was identified by microarray. LINC003112 was identified by positional candidate cloning. BART lncRNA was knocked down using the Gapmers technique for further study. BHLF1 lncRNA was identified by FISH. CYTOR was knocked down by CRISPRi, and NORAD was overexpressed by CRISPRa. MINCR was further evaluated using RNAi. Sixty-two lncRNAs and RP4-794H19.1 were predicted to be involved in their target pathways by KEGG and GO analyses. SNHG8, IGFB7-AS1, MIR143HG, H19, and RNU12 were predicted to be target genes using starBase v2.0, lncRNA and Disease Database and DIANA LncBASE software. LOC553103 was further assessed using siRNA and RIP. LINC003112 was further studied using an overexpression plasmid and was identified in tissue samples for analysis relevant to ISH. NGS next-generation sequencing, FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNAi RNA interference, CRISPRi CRISPR interference, CRISPRa CRISPR activation, RIP RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, ISH in situ hybridization