Fig. 5
From: Long non-coding RNAs in Epstein–Barr virus-related cancer
EBV co-infectious agents. H. pylori-EBV co-infection not only enhances the inflammatory process but also promotes immune evasion, EMT and bacterial growth and inhibits apoptosis. HPV–EBV co-infection inhibits EBV lytic replication and shifts EBV towards the latent phase. KSHV–EBV co-infection aggravates tumourigenesis by mutually reinforcing the persistence of each latent genome and altering cell proliferation