Table 2 Exosomes related experiments and studies contributing to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, diagnosis and prognosis

RP11-838N2.4

Upregulated in patients with erlotinib resistance

HCC827, HCC4006

FOXO1

Knockdown of lncRNA RP11-838N2.4 promoted erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity

[96]

let-7a-5p/BCL2L1

Predictive biomarkers for poor survival

Lung adenocarcinoma

BCL2L1

Downregulation of let-7a-5p and elevation of BCL2L1 as predictive biomarkers for poor survival

[14]

miR-486-5p

Present difference in different TNM stages

Lung adenocarcinoma

NEK2

MiR-486-5p was responsible for cell cycle arrest as well as the inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis via targeting NEK2

[105]

MDA-9/Syntenin

Associated with poor overall survival

H1299, CL1–5, CL141

Slug

MDA-9/Syntenin acted as a pivotal adaptor of Slug and it transcriptionally enhanced Slug-mediated EMT

[99]

miR-619-5p

Diagnostic indicator

A549, H460

RCAN1.4

MiR-619-5p targeted RCAN1.4 and promoted angiogenesis. Exosomal miR-619-5p can serve as a diagnostic indicator

[100]

TTF-1/ NKX2-1

Favorable prognosis

H1792, HCC44

GM-CSF/VEGF

Reprogrammed lung adenocarcinoma secreted TME factors in angiogenesis

[85]

EGFR

Diagnostic biomarker

Lung cancer cell

CD81

EGFR expression using a targeted ELISA for lung cancer diagnosis

[101]

miR-106b

Diagnostic biomarker and drug target

Lung cancer cell

PTEN

MiR-106b targeted PTEN, promoted cancer cell migration and invasion

[104]

LRG1

Potential therapeutic target

A549

TGF-β

LRG1 promoted angiogenesis via TGF-β signaling

[86]

Human brain microvascular endothelial cells

Prognosis of brain metastases

/

(PHB)-1

in Δψm

S100A16 facilitated the survival of SCLC cells through modulating the mitochondrial function

[16]

ANGPTL4

Diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target

A549

Angiogenesis

ANGPTL4 contributed to the migration of A549 cells as well as the angiogenesis of HUVECs

[77]

miR-100-5p

New insights of DDP resistance

A549

mTOR

miR-100-5p was absorbed by lung cancer cells and displayed DDP resistance function

[89]

miR-222-3p

Pognostic biomarker for predicting gemcitabine sensitivity

A549

SOCS3

Sera miR-222-3p as a potential prognostic biomarker for predicting worse prognosis and gemcitabine sensitivity

[90]

miR-208a

Affect the radio-sensitivity of NSCLC

Lung cancer cell

p21

MiR-208a induced radio-resistance via targeting p21 and AKT/mTOR pathway

[91]

MicroRNA-200c

Increased the radio-sensitivity

Lung cancer cell

EGFR

MiR-200c improved efficacy of radiotherapy via controlling cancer pro-survival signaling and EMT

[92]

MicroRNA-148b

Enhance the effects of radiotherapy

A549

ROCK1

MiR-148b inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and the EMT, and increased the radio-sensitivity by inhibiting ROCK1

[93]

miR-96

Serum biomarker of malignant lung cancer

Lung cancer cell/H1299

LMO7

MiR-96 promoted lung cancer progression by targeting LMO7

[94]

PLAUR

Therapeutic target for gefitinib-resistant

Gefitinib-resistant PC9R cells

EGFR/p-AKT/survivin pathway

PLAUR induced geftinib-resistance through EGFR/p-AKT/survivin signaling pathway

[95]

miR-564 and miR-658

Therapeutic target of resistance against gefitinib

Gefitinib-resistant PC-9/ZD

PC-9 cells

MiR-564 and miR-658 induced drug resistance in sensitive cells

[96]

lncRNA H19

Decreased the erlotinib resistance

HCC827/A549

miR-615-3p/ATG7 axis

H19 facilitated erlotinib resistance in NSCLC via miR-615-3p/ATG7 axis

[98]

Circulating exosome

Higher sensitivity and specificity for T790M detection

NSCLC of patients

/

The combination of exoRNA/DNA and cfDNA for T790M detection has higher sensitivity and specificity

[107]

YKT6

Impact prognosis of resected NSCLC patients

A549

miR-134 and miR-135b

YKT6 regulated exosome release and is in turn regulated by miR-134 and miR-135b

[12]

Circulating exosome

As a prognostic factor for NSCLC and correlates with tumor stage

NSCLC of patients

/

Plasma exosome was associated with tumour stage and poorer overall survival

[122]