Fig. 1
From: Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer
Illustration of preliminary mechanisms driving endocrine resistance in breast cancer. ER signaling drives cell growth in breast cancer. These driving forces convert from ER signaling to GFR signaling, with the interruption or the gradual reduction of ER signaling and the increase of GFR signaling. Interactions between GFR signaling and BCSC-related pathways will form stronger driving forces and lead to refractory breast cancer