Table 2 The most relevant pharmacological studies of chitosan nanophormulations

Oral drugs semi-synthetic biopolymer chitosan complexes

Drug delivery developing

↑Solubility, ↑formation and ↑stability of SSBC

[79]

Rasagiline encapsulated chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles

Evaluation of encapsulation efficiency

↑Bioavailability in the brain

[80]

Chitosan, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, pluronic F127, polyaniline, BCNU-Nano-co-Plex

Nose to brain drug delivery system developing

↑ Release of bioactive agent

[81]

Mnps coated with non-cross-linked chitosan

In vitro/Evaluating of rat aortic endothelial cells (ecs) viability

In vivo/ evaluating issue distribution

no effect on cell viability

↑biocompatibility of MNPs

[82]

Chitosan nanospheres with methotrexate

In vitro/ evaluating of nanoparticles containing methotrexate

Sustained release,

↑ Passive targeted delivery system for MTX,

↓ Side effects of the drug

[83]

Chitosan/gelatin nanocarriers

In vitro evaluation /for calcium hydroxide delivery

↑ Release of calcium ions

[84]

Chitosan grafted halloysite nanotubes

In vitro/ evaluation of anticancer effect of curcumin on hepg2, mcf-7, sv-huc-1, ej, caski, hela cells

↑ Anticancer effect

↑ Apoptosis

[85]

Curcumin-loaded O-CMCS/n-zno nanocomposite

In vitro efficacy/ evaluation of delivery of curcumin on MA104 cells

↑ Curcumin release

[87]

Chitosan nanoparticles

Chitosan beads

Betamethasone and teracycline encapsulation efficiency

Drug released from chitosan nanoparticles is lower than that released from chitosan beads

[88]

Encapsulating chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (nps)

Chemotherapeutics targeted delivery

↑ Tissue targeting

↑ Controlled drug release

[89]

Pyrazolopyrimidine, pyrazolopyridine thioglycosides encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles

In vitro efficacy/huh-7, mcf-7 cells

↑ Anti-cancerous activity

[90]

Raloxifene-encapsulated hyaluronic acid-decorated chitosan

In vitro efficacy/ lung a549 cancer cell line

↑Cytotoxicity

↑ entrapment efficiency

[91]

Self-aggregates from deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan

Delivery vehicle of genes

↑Anti-cancer effect

[92]

Cytarabine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

Drug delivery system

↑Anti-cancer effect

[93]

10-hydroxycamptothecine nanoneedles

Methotrexate-chitosan conjugate

Dual-drug delivery system

↑Anti-cancer effect

[94]

Fe₃O₄/carboxymethyl-chitosan nanoparticles

Model anti-tumour drug

↑Cellular uptake

↓rapa drug damage

[95]

Encapsulated Fe3O4-blf

In vivo /mice

Complete regression of the tumour

[96]

Doxorubicin-loaded zein nanoparticles

In vitro/ cancer cells

↑anti-cancer effect

[97]

DTX-HGC nanoparticles

In vitro /A549 lung cancer cells

Antitumor efficacy

[98]

Tamoxifen nanoformulations

In vitro efficacy/ rat intestinal tissue

↑Drug permeated

[99]

Letrozole with chitosan nanoparticles

Pharmaceutical carrier

↑Anticancer efficacy

[100]

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded nanoparticles

Drug carrier

↑Ciprofloxacin release

[101]

5-fluorouracil CS-SPION

Drug carrier

↑Drug loading efficiency

[106]

Chitosan nanospheres with 5-FU

In vitro/ HT29 and PC-3 cells

↓Tumour cell proliferation

↓HT29, PC-3 adhesion

[107]

Chitosan-coated curcumin nanocrystals

In vitro and in vivo/murine model of lps induced endotoxemia

↑Nrf2, ↑GST, ↑SOD, ↑NF-kB

[109]

Simvastatin loaded nanoparticle

In vivo/mice

↓Lipid profile

[125]