Table 1 Epidemiological data linking diabetes with breast cancer
Sr. No. | Study name | Country | Study type | Population/Sample size | Study period | Age group | Characteristic findings | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nurse Health Study | USA | Follow up | 116,488 Nurses | 1976–1988 | 30–55 | Women with T2DM had a modestly elevated breast cancer incidence | [54] |
2 | Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project | USA | Population based study using data from case–control & Follow up studies | 1508 | 1996–1997 | 30 + | Diabetes associated increased breast cancer incidence in older and non-white women due to all reasons | [55] |
3 | SEER-Medicare based study | Observational Cohort | 2418 | 2001–2007 | > 80 Mean age: 77.8 | Diabetes associated with advanced cancer stage and increased mortality | [56] | |
4 | Meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer | Various (From North America, Europe & Asia) | Meta-analysis of case–control &cohort studies | 20 Studies (30,568 cases) | 1966–2007 | 20–95 | 20% increased breast cancer risk in women with diabetes | [17] |
5 | Retrospective cohort study in China | China | Retrospective Cohort | 36 cases | 2002–2008 | - | Increased risk of developing breast cancer in T2DM patients | [57] |
6 | Diabetes increases risk of breast cancer | Various | Meta-analysis of case–control & cohort studies | 43 studies (422,631 cases) | Oldest Study from 1990 Latest from 2012 | Varied | T2DM increases the risk of breast cancer in women | [58] |
7 | Random effects model based meta-analysis | Various (From North America, Europe & Asia) | Meta-analysis | 39 independent observational studies (58,690 cases) | Oldest Study from 1993 Latest from 2011 | All ages | 27% Increased risk for breast cancer in women with T2DM (reduced to 16% after adjustment for BMI) | [18] |
8 | T2DM as a risk factor for female breast cancer | Pakistan | Case–control study | 400 patients | 2014–15 | 17.69% breast cancer patients reported diabetes | [59] |