Fig. 3
The role of RhoC in polarization. RhoC is regulated by upstream PDZ-RhoGEF [112, 113], p190RhoGEF/p190RhoGAP [111], Hsp90/Hsp70 [114] and Notch1 [110]. After activation, the downstream ROCK/LIMK/cofilin [114,115,116,117,118] and FMNL3-regulated FAK/MAPK/AKT signaling pathways [104] are activated, resulting in a change in cell morphology to a multi-protuberant polarized structure. When the RhoC signal is blocked, the cell presents with a dispersed morphology [108, 109]